Patellar Instability

Patellar instability, also known as recurrent patellar dislocation or a dislocated kneecap, occurs when the kneecap moves out of its normal position within the groove at the front of the knee. This can lead to pain, swelling, feelings of instability, and recurrent dislocations that interfere with sports and everyday activities.

At Orthopaedic Specialists of Austin, our fellowship-trained sports medicine specialists provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment for patellar instability, helping patients regain stability, reduce pain, and safely return to the activities they enjoy.

Whether you have experienced a first-time kneecap dislocation or ongoing episodes of instability, early evaluation and treatment can help reduce the risk of recurrent injury and long-term cartilage damage.

If your kneecap feels unstable, repeatedly shifts out of place, or you experience knee pain after a dislocation, it may be time to see a specialist.

Common symptoms of patellar instability include:

• A kneecap that feels like it slips or shifts out of place

• Knee pain, especially in the front of the knee

• Swelling after a dislocation or injury

• A feeling that the knee may "give way"

• Difficulty bending or straightening the knee

• Pain with running, jumping, squatting, or climbing stairs

• Recurrent kneecap dislocations or subluxations

• Apprehension or fear that the kneecap will dislocate again
  
  

Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve stability while reducing the risk of additional cartilage damage and arthritis.

Patellar instability occurs when the kneecap moves outside its normal groove, often due to injury, anatomy, or ligament damage.

Contributing factors may include:

• Traumatic kneecap dislocation

• Torn medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)

• Shallow trochlear groove (trochlear dysplasia)

• High-riding kneecap (patella alta)

• Ligament laxity or generalized hypermobility

• Muscle weakness or imbalance

• Abnormal lower extremity alignment

• Participation in sports involving cutting, pivoting, or jumping
  
  

Our specialists perform a comprehensive evaluation to identify the underlying cause of instability and develop the most appropriate treatment plan for your individual needs.

• Activity modification

• Physical therapy focused on strengthening and neuromuscular control

• Bracing or patellar stabilization sleeves

• Anti-inflammatory medications

• Return-to-sport rehabilitation

• Guided progression back to athletic activities
  
  

When recurrent instability, significant ligament injury, or structural abnormalities are present, surgical treatment may be recommended.

• Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction

• Tibial tubercle osteotomy (when appropriate)

• Arthroscopic treatment of cartilage injuries

• Realignment procedures for select patients
  ​​​​​​​

Our sports medicine specialists utilize advanced, minimally invasive surgical techniques designed to restore stability, protect the knee joint, and support a safe return to activity.